The invention discloses an experiment device for an experiment for preparing a nano-structure through laser ablation. The overall experiment process can be carried out at a time through computer control. The experiment device is formed by a laser device, an ablation light path, an ablation cavity, a vacuum drying cavity, a TEM observing cavity, a target material control system and a TEM sample transporting system; and implementation of the experiment can be automatically controlled, efficiency is high, control is accurate, samples are prevented from being polluted and oxidized, and on-site experiments can be made.