The invention discloses a hydraulic bolt lifting device for ascending and descending continuously and a self-ascending type ocean platform and belongs to the field of marine engineering equipment. The hydraulic bolt lifting device comprises a pile fixing frame, a first annular girder, a second annular girder, first lifting oil cylinders, first annular girder bolt assemblies and a second annular girder bolt assembly, and the hydraulic bolt lifting device furthermore comprises second lifting oil cylinders; the second lifting oil cylinders are double-action lifting oil cylinders, the first annular girder is provided with through holes, the second ends of second piston rods of the second lifting oil cylinders stretch out of the cylinder bodies and penetrate through the through holes to be connected with the first ends of the first lifting oil cylinders, and the second ends of the first lifting oil cylinders are fixed to the second annular girder. The first annular girder moves by two pitches, and the first annular girder bolt assemblies and the second annular girder bolt assembly perform action interchange, so that the work efficiency of a lifting platform is improved.