The invention discloses a positioning and cutting device for bridge construction. The positioning and cutting device comprises a working platform. A strip-shaped sliding groove is formed in the working platform; two positioning baffles are arranged on the top of the working platform; connecting sliding blocks corresponding to the strip-shaped sliding groove are arranged at the bottoms of the positioning baffles; connecting shafts are arranged at the bottoms of the connecting sliding blocks; limiting rollers are arranged on the connecting shafts in a penetrating mode; connecting sliding grooves corresponding to the limiting rollers are formed in inner walls of the front face and the back face of the strip-shaped sliding groove correspondingly; supporting plates are arranged on the two sides of the top of the working platform correspondingly; two hydraulic telescopic rods are arranged on the sides, deviated from each other, of the two positioning baffles correspondingly; two positioning plates are arranged on the sides, opposite to each other, of the two positioning baffles correspondingly; and positioning connecting rods are arranged on the sides, close to the positioning baffles, of the positioning plates. According to the positioning and cutting device for bridge construction, it can be more convenient to position pipes needing to be cut and more convenient for constructors to cut, larger convenience is provided for construction.