The invention relates to a total electricity consumption prediction and calculation system, which comprises a storage module, an acquisition module, an input module, an enterprise electricity price elasticity value calculation module and a total electricity consumption prediction and calculation module, wherein the storage module is used for storing reference year historical data and predicted year planning data in high energy-loaded industries, an electricity price elasticity value prediction module of enterprises is established through analyzing profitability and industrial market environments of large industrial consumers represented by the high energy-loaded industries, future electricity utilization compositions of the enterprises are predicted based thereon, and finally the electricity consumption demand of the whole society is obtained. The invention further provides a total electricity consumption prediction and calculation method.