The invention discloses a super-gravity field vibrating table test loading and unloading device and a super-gravity field vibrating table test loading and unloading method. The super-gravity field vibrating table test loading and unloading device comprises a model box, a counter-force frame, a loading device, a data acquisition device and a mechanical locking device. The loading device comprises a loading plate, pneumatic cylinders, a pneumatic cylinder upper-portion pipeline and a pressure main pipeline, wherein the pressure main pipeline is provided with a voltage stabilizer. The data acquisition device comprises a tilt angle sensor, a pressure sensor, a displacement sensor, a controller and a computer. The mechanical locking device comprises a mechanical locking pneumatic cylinder, a normally-closed two-position three-way valve, push rods, locking plates, gears and gear grooves. The super-gravity field vibrating table test loading and unloading device and the super-gravity field vibrating table test loading and unloading method can effectively increase the depth of soil layer studied by means of a centrifugal machine vibrating table on the basis of the existing equipment and technical conditions, and provides an important technical support for further study of deep soil mass dynamic response feature tests.