The invention provides an inflatable porous prebaked anode used for aluminum electrolysis and an electrolysis method using the inflatable porous prebaked anode. The prebaked anode contains 10-30% of shot coke with the granularity of 5-8 mm, 30-50% of shot coke with the granularity of 2-5 mm, 15-35% of shot coke with the granularity of 0-2 mm, and 5-25% of powder. According to the inflatable porous prebaked anode used for aluminum electrolysis and the electrolysis method using the inflatable porous prebaked anode, inflation holes are prepared when an inflatable porous prebaked anode green body is formed and produced, reductive gas is led into the porous prebaked anode after anode changing of an electrolytic bath, and methane gas can replace part of carbon in the prebaked anode in the electrolytic process to participate in the anode electrolysis process, so that carbon consumption is reduced, carbon dioxide emission is reduced, and the emission of aluminum electrolysis strong greenhouse gas perfluoro-carbon (PFC) and the anode effect are eliminated.