The invention relates to a voltage and current sampling control method of the SOH of a storage battery. The method includes an embedded microprocessor, a storage battery discharge current acquisition circuit, a storage battery voltage acquisition circuit, a storage battery, a MODEM and a serial port, the storage battery performs discharging in a periodic and intermittent manner, an A/D result cache region is arranged in the embedded microprocessor, a timer of the embedded microprocessor controls the AD acquisition time, the discharging current and the voltage of the storage battery are regularly acquired at one time, if an AD result cache is full, data analysis and processing is performed on AD results, the load voltage corresponding to the discharging current and the zero-load voltage after stopping of discharging at a specified interval are obtained through calculation, and the SOH of the storage battery is determined. By employing the method, the voltage of the storage battery during discharging and non-discharging can be accurately obtained without changing a conventional voltage measuring module and a current measuring module, and the method is a control method with short time.