An optical fiber coil structure for a high-power fiber laser comprises a substrate (1), the upper surface of the substrate (1) is carved with a two-way spiral groove (4), the two-way spiral groove (4) comprises a clockwise groove (24) and an anticlockwise groove (34), an S-shaped transition groove (5) is employed to connect the clockwise groove (24) and the anticlockwise groove (34), and the clockwise groove (24) with clockwise spiral is smoothly connected with the anticlockwise groove (34) with anticlockwise spiral through the S-shaped transition groove (5); the input end (20) of the clockwise groove (24) is arranged at the side of the substrate (1), the output end of the anticlockwise groove (34) is also arranged at the side of the substrate (1), and the input end (20) and the output end (30) are arranged at the same side of different sides of the substrate (1); and the substrate (1) is covered with an upper cover (10). The optical fiber coil structure for the high-power fiber laser allows the fibers to be the spiral groove without lap joint, overlapping or hanging therebetween, and can effectively perform heat radiation of the fibers when the high-power fiber laser works.