The invention relates to a rubber roller machining method and device. According to the rubber roller machining method, a cylindrical grinding machine is provided with an auxiliary cooling system which is used for generating cold air ranging from -20 DEG C to 10 DEG C to cool a rubber roller while the rubber roller is cut. The device for assisting in machining comprises a support, a vortex tube, a constant-pressure air supply pipeline and a cold air distributor. By adoption of the rubber roller machining method, the rubber roller can meet the precision requirement through one-time cutting, the working time is halved, the production efficiency is improved, and consumption of resources such as electricity and water is reduced; and besides, the rubber roller machining device is easy to operate, the required labor cost is also greatly reduced, and great economic benefits and practical value are achieved.