Embodiments of the invention relate to the technical field of video monitoring, in particular to a stream file query and storage method and apparatus, which is used for realizing quick and accurate retrieval of video data associated with a to-be-queried structured description. The method comprises the steps of obtaining the to-be-queried structured description, a to-be-queried file identifier and a preset initial offset; determining a first node with a file identifier matched with the to-be-queried file identifier and an initial offset not smaller than the preset initial offset in a key value, and obtaining a to-be-screened structured description; outputting an initial offset corresponding to the to-be-screened structured description matched with the to-be-queried structured description, and obtaining a to-be-queried initial offset; determining a second node with a file identifier and an initial offset matched with the to-be-queried file identifier and the to-be-queried initial offset in the key value, and obtaining a to-be-queried stream file name; and according to the to-be-queried stream file name, reading a stream file corresponding to the to-be-queried stream file name. Therefore, quick and accurate retrieval of the video data associated with the to-be-queried structured description is realized.