The invention discloses a wireless fault positioning and monitoring system of a power distribution network. The system comprises a main station system and multiple circuit monitoring points. Multiple wireless fault positioning monitors, a data acquirer and a GPRS communication terminal are arranged on each circuit monitoring point, wherein the wireless fault positioning monitors are connected with the data acquirer through the GPRS communication terminal; and the data acquirer transmits the acquired circuit data to the main station system. Each circuit monitoring point also comprises a grounding wire selection device which is connected with the data acquirers through the GPRS communication terminals. According to the invention, when a short circuited fault, a grounding fault or a broken fault of the circuit occurs, fault reasons and fault generation points can be quickly and precisely acquired and sent to the main station to inform scheduling workers to carry out remote fault isolation and power supplying transferring, and timely remove faults on the power distribution network.