The invention discloses a reinforced concrete structure of a bridge deck. The reinforced concrete structure of the bridge deck sequentially comprises a first concrete layer, a stainless steel reinforced layer and a second concrete layer from bottom to top; and the first concrete layer and the second concrete layer are made of a glazed hollow bead concrete material. According to the reinforced concrete structure of the bridge deck, existing ordinary concrete is replaced by the glazed hollow bead concrete with good heat insulation property so that the icing time of the bridge deck can be delayed and the durability and the carrying capacity of the structure can be improved. In addition, existing ordinary reinforcement is replaced by stainless steel reinforcement so that the erosion of chloride ions in deicing salt can be resisted, the durability and the carrying capacity of the structure can be further improved, and a large number of late repairing and strengthening costs can be saved.