The invention discloses a rapid jade positioning mechanism and a slicing machine with the positioning mechanism. The rapid jade positioning mechanism comprises a base, a support arranged on the base in a sliding manner, a rotation part in pivot joint to the top of the support, a first limiting part and a second limiting part, wherein the first limiting part and the second limiting part are formed between the support and the rotation part. The rotation part is further provided with a bearing face abutting against the jade plane, and a connecting unit used for connecting jade with the rotation part in a positioning manner. The bearing face is in a horizontal plane state when the rotation part and the support are limited through the first limiting part, and the bearing face is in a vertical plane state when the rotation part and the support are limited through the second limiting part. Compared with the prior art, it is ensured that when the jade is located at the cutting station, the cutting plane is completely parallel to the jade plane, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.