The invention provides a submersible electric pump downhole data acquisition device for solving the problem that transmission of an existing data acquisition device is interfered. The submersible electric pump downhole data acquisition device comprises an on-well data receiving system and a downhole data transmission system; the on-well data receiving system is connected with the downhole data transmission system through an on-well three-phase electric reactor and a three-phase power cable, and the on-well data receiving system exchanges the data with the downhole data transmission system through an on-well power line carrier module; and the downhole data transmission system exchanges the data with a sensor interface module through the downhole power line carrier module, and the downhole data transmission system exchanges data with the on-well data receiving system through a submersible electric pump motor winding assembly. According to the submersible electric pump downhole data acquisition device, the power line carrier module adopts power supply lines of the submersible electric pump as carriers, communication is conducted through power line carrier, a spread spectrum technology is combined, a sensor signal is conducted frequency conversion under the same transformer, a signal spectrum is moved to a plurality of frequency bands, then the signal is coupled to the power lines through a coupling capacitor, and data transmission is realized.