The invention provides an all-solid-state broadband dispersion compensation refractive index guide type microstructure fiber which comprises inner and outer fiber core cylinders, cladding cylinders and a base material. The base material is pure quartz, and the inner fiber core cylinder is a germanium doped pure quartz rod. The outer fiber core cylinders are a layer of pure quartz rods which are doped with fluorine or boron and in regular hexagon dense arrangement. The cladding cylinders are pure quartz rods which are doped with fluorine or boron and in regular hexagon dense arrangement. The refractive index of the inner fiber core cylinder is greater than the refractive index of the base material. The refractive index of the base material is greater than the refractive index of the outer fiber core cylinders. The refractive index of the outer fiber core cylinders is greater than the refractive index of the cladding cylinders. The diameter of the cladding cylinders is the same and greater than the diameter of the outer fiber core cylinders. The diameter of the inner fiber core cylinder is greater than the diameter of the outer fiber core cylinders. All cylinders are equally spaced. The microstructure fiber provided by the invention is easy to prepare, is easy to be coupled with traditional optical fibers, can carry out broadband dispersion compensation on cumulative dispersion in high-speed dense wavelength division multiplexing optical fiber communication transmission, and provides an effective transmission medium for an optical fiber communication system.