The invention discloses a space high-energy electron and proton detector which is composed of the following parts: a sensor D1, a sensor D2, an anticoincidence scintillator S2, a shell, a light barrier S1 and a photodiode. The sensor D1 is a first round gold silicon surface barrier detector, and a first electric interface is led out of the side edge. The sensor D2 is composed of multiple completely identical sensing modules through lamination. The anticoincidence scintillator S2 is a hollow cylindrical plastic scintillator. The anticoincidence scintillator S2 is fixed in the internal cavity of the shell, and the anticoincidence scintillator S2 and the shell are coaxial. The light barrier S1, the sensor D1 and the sensor D1 are fixedly installed at the middle part of the anticoincidence scintillator S2 from the top to the bottom in turn in a collimation way. The preset distance is reserved between the sensor D1 and the sensor D2. The photodiode is arranged on the side wall of the anticoincidence scintillator S2, and the photodiode and the anticoincidence scintillator S2 are contacted and connected through an optical coupling agent. The first electric interface and a second electric interface are led to the outside of the shell. According to the detector, each sensor acts as an independent module so that the requirements for space high-energy electron and proton detection can be met.