The invention discloses a method for preparing water-absorbent resin particles from fine water-absorbent resin powder. The method is high in production efficiency, excellent in product performance and particularly high in liquid absorption rate, and the utilization rate of the fine water-absorbent resin powder is effectively improved. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding a surfactant into a petroleum hydrocarbon solvent; adding an aqueous solution mixed with a surface cross-linking agent into the petroleum hydrocarbon solvent, and stirring and dispersing into liquid drops; adding a certain amount of fine water-absorbent resin powder with the particle size of lower than 150 microns, and enabling the powder to absorb water and agglomerate in the stirring process so as to form large particles; distilling to remove the petroleum hydrocarbon solvent, performing thermal treatment to remove the petroleum hydrocarbon solvent, and carrying out a surface cross-linking reaction; and finally, screening the water-absorbent resin particles of proper particle size, thereby obtaining the water-absorbent resin product of the proper particle size formed by agglomerating the fine powder.