The invention discloses an automatic identification system and method of an electric automobile. It is only needed to insert a charging gun on a charging pile into the charging interface of the electric automobile, the charging gun is connected with a voltage detection point in a battery management system for communication, and a detected voltage value is transmitted to a charging pile control panel; when the voltage of the detection point is a preset value, the charging pile control panel controls an electronic lock of the charging gun to be closed to make the charging gun connected with the electric automobile, and then BMS code information of the electric automobile is read and transmitted to a cloud server for comparison; when information comparison succeeds and conditions are met, the cloud server sends charging information to the charging pile control panel, the charging pile control panel controls the charging pile to charge the electric automobile till charging is completed, charging is automatically stopped, the electronic lock is automatically opened, and the charging gun is taken out. The whole process is automatically completed, neither manual operation nor manual charging card swiping is needed, time and labor are saved, and charging is convenient and fast.