The invention discloses an electric rolling brush cleaning device capable of adjusting distance automatically. The electric rolling brush cleaning device comprises fixed guide rails, racks, a sliding block, a mobile motor gear, a hydraulic cylinder and rolling brushes, wherein the racks are fixedly installed on inner plates of the guide rails, and the sliding block is fixedly provided with a mobile motor; the mobile motor gear is fixedly installed on a mobile motor shaft, and engaged with the rack; a first rolling brush mounting plate is fixedly provided with a rolling brush motor, and a rolling brush motor shaft is fixedly provided with the rolling brushes which are rotatably installed on the first rolling brush mounting plate and a second rolling brush mounting plate respectively. In the invention, the angle and distance of the rolling brushes can be adjusted through the hydraulic cylinder, and the distance between the rolling brushes and a surface to be cleaned can be measured through setting a first ultrasonic module and a second ultrasonic module, so that automatic distance adjustment is achieved.