The invention discloses a high-efficiency waste water treatment system for dyeing and printing enterprises. The high-efficiency waste water treatment system comprises a pretreatment pond, wherein dyeing and printing waste water of each procedure is aggregated at an inlet of the pretreatment pond, a plate-type high-pressure pulse ultrasonic generator is arranged in the pretreatment pond, a water outlet of the pretreatment pond is connected with a water inlet of an aeration pond by virtue of a pipeline, the middle portion of the aeration pond is suspended with biological suspension filler, an aeration pipe is arranged at the bottom of the aeration pond, a water outlet at the upper portion of the aeration pond is successively connected with a primary precipitation pond and a secondary precipitation pond by virtue of a pipeline, the connection pipeline between the primary precipitation pond and the secondary precipitation pond is also provided with a dosing apparatus for dispensing a decolorising agent and a flocculating agent, a water outlet of the secondary precipitation pond is connected with an adsorption filter apparatus, and a water outlet of the adsorption filter apparatus is connected with a discharging pipeline. According to the waste water treatment system, a PH value of the dyeing and printing waste water does not need to be adjusted, the secondary pollution of acidic substances can be effectively avoided, and the high-efficiency waste water treatment system has the characteristics of good treatment effect and high treatment speed.