The invention relates to a treatment method capable of reducing breeding of flies and mosquitoes for rural domestic sewage. The treatment method comprises the following steps: 1) introducing the rural domestic sewage into a grid well, filtering the rural domestic sewage by the grid well and introducing the filtered rural domestic sewage into a facultative pond; 2) introducing water treated in the facultative pond into a biological filter, filling the biological filter with an elastic filter material made of high-molecular organic material, wherein the porosity of the elastic filter material is 75-98%, the bore diameter of the elastic filter material is 6-8 mm and the specific surface area of the elastic filter material is 10-35 m<2>/g; 3) introducing water filtered by the biological filter into a vertical-flow artificial wetland, wherein thalia dealbata is planted inside the artificial wetland; and 4) introducing water treated in the artificial wetland into an ecological pond, wherein water lily, vallisneria spiralis and pontederia cordata are planted inside the ecological pond, and outlet water treated by the ecological pond is discharged into a natural water body. The method is suitable for a dispersive village in the countryside, is stable in treatment effect, and can greatly reduce emission of bad smell and breeding of mosquitoes and flies.