The invention relates to a fabric cutting device capable of adapting to belt conveying. The fabric cutting device comprises a feeding device, the feeding device is provided with a fabric cutting frame, the fabric cutting frame is provided with a cutting device, the cutting device comprises a cutter sleeve on the fabric cutting frame, the lower portion of the cutter sleeve is provided with a cutter groove, the cutter groove is communicated with the cutter sleeve, and a cutter lifting pull rod matched with a cutter in the cutter groove is arranged in the cutter groove, the upper portion of the cutter lifting pull rod is hinged to a cutting rotating base, a cutting rotating rod is further hinged to the cutting rotating base, the other end of the cutting rotating base sleeves a sleeving shaft on a cutting mounting plate on the fabric cutting frame, the other end of the cutting rotating rod is connected to a cutting rotating sleeve, and the cutting rotating sleeve is matched with a cutting lifting motor on the cutting mounting plate. The cutter lifts or descends through the hinged cutter lifting pull rod, the cutting rotating rod and the cutting rotating base, a maximum lifting and descending range is limited, the lifting or descending speed can be slowed down through regulation, and damage to a conveying belt by the cutter is avoided greatly.