The invention discloses a quantum cellular neural network based video chaotic encryption method, relates to the technical field of video encryption and solves the problems such as relatively slow encryption speed, destruction of the coding format of a video, poor video transmission real-time performance and poor safety of the existing encryption method. The quantum cellular neural network based video chaotic encryption method comprises the steps of performing iteration solution on two cellular quantum cellular neural network hyper-chaotic systems to generate a matrix A; performing matrix transformation on the A to generate a chaotic sequence K and an index sequence Index; dividing the chaotic sequence K to generate an initial key pool; regarding elements in the index sequence Index as initial values of Logistic chaotic mapping, respectively and iterating to generate two chaotic index sequences and transforming to obtain two integer sequences; regarding the integer sequences as indexes respectively and carrying the indexes into the initial key pool to calculate and generate a Boolean key KeyB; dividing the Boole key KeyB into keyb1 and keyb2; encrypting the exponential-Golomb encoding information bit of H.264 by using the keyb1; and regarding the keyb2 as a key to encrypt the encoding data of the H.264 to realize video chaotic encryption of the quantum cellular neural network.