The invention discloses an energy storage configuration method based on a Butterworth filter. The method comprises the following steps of determining a suppression fluctuation control target, and constructing a constraint condition of energy storage equipment during working; acquiring load running data and historical meteorological data; figuring out power transmission data of a regional contact line by combining a local load condition; enabling that fluctuation rate conforms to suppression target requirement after a filtering result is subjected to a Fourier inversion return time domain, and recording a compensation frequency initial value of a low-pass filter; setting multiple groups of filter filtering parameters around the initial values, calculating a Butterworth filter coefficient, verifying fluctuation power after smoothing, modifying the filter parameters when the fluctuation rate does not conform to the control fluctuation power requirement until the power fluctuation of full-time windows conform to the requirement; and calculating and finally acquiring a capacity configuration result of power-type energy storage equipment and an energy-type energy storage equipment. By the method, a large configuration result of the energy storage device brought by cyclic convolution due to Fourier inversion is prevented, and economic and reasonable energy storage configuration strategy is ensured.