The invention relates to a method for comprehensive recovery of valuable metals from arsenic-containing dust and synthesis of arsenic-fixing minerals with an adjusted and controlled growth method. The method comprises the steps as follows: normal pressure water leaching, catalytic oxidation of a leaching solution, arsenic fixing of an oxidized solution with the adjusted and controlled growth method, washing of leaching residues and recovery of the valuable metals from washing residues. With the method, various valuable elements are recycled through procedures of normal pressure water leaching, catalytic oxidation of the leaching solution, arsenic fixing of the oxidized solution with the adjusted and controlled growth method, washing of the leaching residues, reduction smelting of the washing residues, oxidizing blowing and the like. With the method, the arsenic is removed from the dust, antimony, lead, bismuth and the like are left in the arsenic-removed residues as much as possible, depth separation of arsenic and antimony is realized, the high-stability arsenic-fixing minerals are obtained, meet national standards and can be piled safely, and recycling and harmless treatment of the arsenic-containing dust are realized. According to the method, the comprehensive utilization rate of resources is high, the raw material application range is wide, the problem of pollution in the extraction process of the traditional technology is solved, and the method has the more obvious advantages for the dust produced in the lead and zinc smelting process particularly.