The invention relates to a method for treating rural domestic wastewater by using an artificial wetland and an ecological pond. The method comprises the following steps: (1) introducing the rural domestic wastewater into a grille well, putting the rural domestic wastewater into a facultative pond after the rural domestic wastewater is filtered through the grille well; (2) putting the water treated in the facultative pond into a biological filter which is filled with a brush elastic filter material, wherein the filament length of a corrugated filament of the brush elastic filter material is 160 to 200 mm, and the filament diameter is 2 to 5 mm; (3) putting the water filtered through the biological filter into the artificial wetland, wherein a matrix of the artificial wetland consists of a gravel layer with the particle size of 50 to 100 mm, a haycite layer with the particle size of 15 to 30 mm, a biological filter material layer with the particle size of 8 to 10 mm and a mud-free coarse sand layer with the particle size of 0.2 to 5 mm in sequence from bottom to top, and loosestrifes is planted in the artificial wetland; (4) putting the water treated with the artificial wetland into the ecological pond, wherein lotus flowers, hornworts and water lilies are planted in the ecological pond, and the water treated through the ecological pond is discharged to natural water. The method is suitable for dispersive villages in the countryside, is stable in treatment effect and can substantially reduce odor emission and mosquitoes.