The invention provides a power distribution network relay protection training device. The device comprises a simulation power distribution network and a software simulation device connected with the power distribution network, a student calculates current setting values and action time limits of relay actuating when the power distribution network has various short-circuit faults according to power distribution network topology, after a fault simulation device enables the power distribution network to have certain short-circuit fault, the student inputs the corresponding current setting value and action time limit into a protection device to verify whether the calculated current setting value and the action time limit are correct. The invention further provides a power distribution network relay protection training method. With the adoption of the power distribution network relay protection training device and method, the student skillfully masters calculation methods of current setting values and action time limits in different fault types and faults positions, the professional level of a relay protection employee is increased, and the accuracy and reliability of relay protection of the power distribution network are guaranteed.