The invention discloses an orange peel effect detection method and apparatus based on surface reflection and imaging properties. The orange peel effect detection apparatus comprises a first detection apparatus and a second detection apparatus, wherein the first detection apparatus comprises a first light source (1), a first diaphragm (2) on an incidence light path of the first light source, a first photoelectric detector (4) on a reflection light path of the first light source and a second diaphragm in front of the first photoelectric detector (4); the second detection apparatus comprises a second light source (5), a third diaphragm (6) on an incidence light path of the second light source, a semi-reflection semi-permeable lens (7) on a reflection light path of the second light source, an imaging detector (9) arranged on a first path of two paths formed by the reflected light through the semi-reflection semi-permeable lens (7) and a fourth diaphragm (8) in front of the imaging detector (9); and a second path is provided with a second photoelectric detector (11) and a fifth diaphragm (10) arranged in front of the second photoelectric detector (11). The orange peel effect detection method can simulate human vision, can rapidly and accurately measure an orange peel effect on the surface of a detected object, has an intuitive detection result and is good in stability.