The invention discloses a novel method for obtaining vertical profiles of multiple atmospheric parameters simultaneously. According to the method, measurement devices based on various principles and capable of measuring multiple parameters simultaneously are fixed on a cable of an aerostat at specified intervals, finish measurement of the atmospheric parameters at the height and transmit data to ground acquisition equipment in real time, and real-time measured vertical profiles of the multiple atmospheric parameters are obtained synchronously. The profile data has no prerequisite of assumption, and calibration data can be provided for ground remote sensing equipment such as radar and the like performing measurement at the same site while conventional meteorological parameters and atmospheric pollution data are provided for meteorological department and environmental governance department. Developed equipment is good in timeliness, high in automation degree and measurement precision, stable in work and reliable in performance.