The invention relates to a water cooling device for industrial waste water treatment. The water cooling device comprises a body, a drive mechanism, a cooling mechanism, a heat absorption mechanism and a central control mechanism. The cooling mechanism comprises a transmission rod, a piston, a shell and cooling assemblies. Each cooling assembly comprises a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a water turbine and spray heads. The heat absorption mechanism comprises a heat absorption water pipe, a transmission sleeve and multiple heat absorption fins. According to the water cooling device for industrial waste water treatment, water enters the shell from the water inlet pipe and then is pushed by the piston to enter the water turbine from the water outlet pipe, the water presents the rotating mist spray form due to rotation of the water turbine, and thus the water is cooled; and when the water sprayed by the spray heads is sprayed to the heat absorption fins, the heat absorption fins can control the different heat absorption fins to absorb heat of the water when bearing the acting force, the heat absorption effect of the water is improved, and the reliability of the device is improved.