The invention relates to a biological base one-dimensional micropore-macropore composite pore channel carbon material and belongs to the technical field of a supercapacitor. The microstructure of the biological base one-dimensional micropore-macropore composite pore channel carbon material is tubular; the biological base one-dimensional micropore-macropore composite pore channel carbon material consists of amorphous carbon and graphitized carbon; and the preparation method of the biological base one-dimensional micropore-macropore composite pore channel carbon material comprises the step of performing carbonization activation on metaplexis japonica to obtain the carbon material with the one-dimensional micropore-macropore composite pore channel structure. The biological base one-dimensional micropore-macropore composite pore channel carbon material provided by the invention has the beneficial effects of simple and convenient treatment process, environment-friendly, cheap and easily available raw materials, environmental friendliness and high electrochemical property. The obtained biological base one-dimensional micropore-macropore composite pore channel carbon material has huge potential application in the aspect of supercapacitor materials.