Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and a device for extracting a speech feature based on artificial intelligence. The method includes performing a spectrum analysis on a speech to be recognized, to obtain a spectrum program of the speech; and extracting features of the spectrum program by using an Inception convolution structure of an image recognition algorithm, to obtain the speech feature of the speech. In embodiments, by performing the spectrum analysis on the speech to be recognized, the consecutive speech to be recognized is converted into the spectrum diagram. As the Inception convolution structure is an effective image recognition manner being able to accurately recognize features of an image, the spectrum program is recognized with the Inception convolution structure to extract the relative accurate speech feature from the speech to be recognized Thus, the accuracy rate of the speech recognition is improved.