The invention provides methods and systems for defect management, image analysis and quality detection of value bills. The method for defect management of the value bills includes the steps that template images carrying suspected defect residual points are generated according to sample images of the value bills, and whether any one of the suspended defect residual points is a defect residual point or not is judged according to the position of the mass center and the position of the geometric center, obtained through calculation, of a geometric figure formed by the suspected defect residual points in the template images. According to the technical scheme, the number of samples and the calculated quantity can be reduced, the time for feature extraction can be shortened, the inspection efficiency of a secondary inspection system can be improved, the inspection accuracy is improved, the inspection cost is reduced, the classification precision is improved, and the robustness of the system for quality detection is improved.