The invention discloses a preparation method of high-activity nano calcium carbonate subjected to surface bioactive treatment. The method comprises the steps of firstly utilizing wet process surface treatment, carrying out dry process surface treatment and obtaining a high-activity nano calcium carbonate product by using two surface treatment methods. The wet process surface treatment is mainly used for solving the aggregation problem of nano calcium carbonate particles through depolymerizing dispersion in a solution state and carrying out surface treatment when the particles are reduced into the original state. The dry process surface treatment is used for carrying out surface treatment by selecting different surfactants according to the performance characteristics of the designed nano calcium carbonate product model.