The invention relates to a high-specificity aptamer fluorescent probe based insulin (INS1) reagent kit, further relates to a method for measuring insulin (INS1) density, reagent compositions and ingredients, and belongs to the technical field of medical examination and test. The high-specificity aptamer fluorescent probe based insulin (INS1) reagent kit mainly comprises erythrocyte lysate, a phosphate buffer solution (PBS), an insulin INS standard substance and an insulin INS aptamer fluorescent probe. Density of the insulin INS can be measured through splitting blood samples, breeding mixed eggs and combining a fluorospectro photometer for detection. The high-specificity aptamer fluorescent probe based insulin (INS1) reagent kit has the advantages of simplicity in sample processing and operation, short detection time, high detection specificity, high sensitivity, high detection result repeatability and the like.