The invention relates to a dynamic stress test system for the surface layer of an abrasive particle group. The system comprises a cavity for accommodating the abrasive particle group, a pressurizing device which applies a pressure to the cavity, a driver which drives the cavity to rotate, a lower computer and a display. The cavity is provided with a feed inlet with a sealing member, the inner wall of the cavity is coated with foil gauges which are used for collecting the stress change of the surface layer of the abrasive particle group, the cavity is mounted on the driver, the pressurizing device is mounted over the cavity, and a pressurizing end of the pressurizing device presses the surface of the cavity; the pressurizing device comprises a first servo motor, a linkage rod assembly, a piston action area adjusting device; and the lower computer comprises a data collection module, a data processing module and a command module. The dynamic stress test system has the advantages that the surface cutting force which cannot be measured in the practical processing process of an air-pressure grinding wheel can be measured by the system; and according to the stress change, the host computer changes the position of the piston and the rotating speed of the servo motor, and the cutting state of the abrasive particle group is controlled.