The invention provides a method used for integrated extraction separation of uranium and niobium from low-grade ore. The method comprises following steps: 1, ore containing uranium and niobium is grinded; 2, grinded ore is mixed with concentrated sulfuric acid at a certain mass ratio, and an obtained mixture is subjected to roasting for 0.5 to 6h at 150 to 300 DEG C; 3, a clinker obtained via roasting is subjected to leaching with a 0 to 20wt% sulfuric acid solution, leach slurry is subjected to filtering and washing so as to obtain a filtrate containing uranium and niobium; 4, P2O4, TBP, P311, and sulfonated kerosene mixed organic phase are subjected to synergistic extraction of uranium in the filtrate, a uranium-containing organic phase is subjected to reextraction with a 8wt% to 15wt% Na2CO3 solution, and an obtained reextraction qualified liquid is subjected to precipitation with NaOH so as to obtain '111' products; and 5, after uranium extraction, an obtained solution is delivered into an autoclave, and is subjected to reaction at 110 to 200 DEG C under a pressure maintained to be 0.14 to 1.55MPa, and cooling filtering is carried out so as to obtain a niobium-containing precipitate and a niobium precipitation mother liquor, and then the niobium precipitation mother liquor is recycled to leaching. The method is capable of solving problems that uranium-containing low-grade niobium ore comprehensive extraction and recycling are difficult to realize, metal recovery rate is high, and processing treatment cost is low.