The invention discloses a high-temperature-resistant acid-soluble hydraulic cementing material and an oil well cement slurry system. The hydraulic cementing material is prepared from the following ingredients in parts by weight: 100 parts of limestone, 10 to 15 parts of clay, 2 to 4 parts of hematite, 1 to 3 parts of diatomite, 0.1 to 2 parts of phosphogypsum, 1 to 2 parts of gypsum, 30 to 35 parts of silicon powder, 0 to 50 parts of iron ore powder and 30 to 45 parts of calcium carbonate. The oil well cement slurry system prepared from the high-temperature-resistant acid-soluble hydraulic cementing material comprises 100 parts of gelled materials, 0 to 1.5 parts of sodium polystyrene sulfonate, 3 to 6 parts 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 0.5 to 0.8 part of 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid/acrylic acid copolymers, 1 to 1.5 parts of styrene-butadiene rubber, 0.01 to 0.5 part of dimethicone and 35 to 50 parts of water. The high-temperature-resistant acid-soluble hydraulic cementing material and the oil well cement slurry system provided by the invention have the advantages that the process is convenient and fast; the cost is low; through the self physical suspension capability of the material particles per se, high sedimentation stability can be maintained in underground high-temperature environment being 80 DEG C to 130 DEG C; the high-temperature-resistant acid-soluble hydraulic cementing material and the oil well cement slurry system are hopeful to be applied to the fields of oil and gas well reservoir temporary closing, water plugging, irregular gas reservoir well cementation and the like.