The invention discloses a rapid adjustable pressing device which comprises an upright post, a connecting seat and a compression roller adjusting mechanism, wherein the compression roller adjusting mechanism is connected with the upright post through the connecting seat and comprises an adjusting shaft, an elastic piece, a telescopic sleeve, a telescopic shaft, a compression roller shaft and a compression roller; the telescopic sleeve is fixed on the connecting seat; the adjusting shaft, the elastic piece and the telescopic shaft are sequentially arranged in the telescopic sleeve from top to bottom; a through hole is formed in the top of the telescopic sleeve; a fine-adjustable shaft penetrates through the through hole and is connected with the adjusting shaft in the telescopic sleeve; the compression roller shaft is fixed at the lower end of the telescopic shaft; the compression roller is arranged on the compression roller shaft; a limiting block protruding out of the telescopic shaft is arranged on the telescopic shaft; and a limiting hole is formed in the side wall of the telescopic sleeve. The product is simple in structure and high in rigidity, the upper and lower positions of the compression roller can be flexibly adjusted according to height change of a workpiece, the transverse position of the compression roller is adjusted by an adjusting block, rapid loading and unloading can be realized, and thus the device disclosed by the invention can be widely applied to an automatic production line.