The invention provides an air blowing device for permeable bricks in a steel ladle. The air blowing device for the permeable bricks in the steel ladle comprises a dedusting vehicle (9), a dedusting cover (5), a sliding door (2), a fixed window frame (7) and a ladle cover opening device, wherein the dedusting cover (5) is erected on the top of the fixed window frame (7), the bottom of the fixed window frame (7) is fixed to the dedusting vehicle (9), and the fixed window frame (7) moves along the open side of the steel ladle along with the dedusting vehicle (9); the outer side of a window (19) on the fixed window frame (7) is covered with the sliding door (2), and the sliding door (2) slides in the direction parallel to the plane where the window (19) is located; and the ladle cover opening device is connected with a ladle cover (15) of the steel ladle (19) on the inner side of the fixed window frame (7) through a steel wire rope (21) and used for pulling the ladle cover (15) open. Since a fixed window structure and a sliding window structure are adopted by the air blowing device, the air blowing device is suitable for maintaining operation under the condition that the steel ladle is provided with the cover as well as maintaining operation under the condition that the steel ladle is not provided with the cover.