The invention relates to an automatic multi-layer soilless culture device for vegetables. Multiple layers are arranged inside a support, and illuminating lamps are arranged in all the layers; culture grooves are formed in all the layers inside the support; multiple culture discs which are distributed transversely are arranged inside the culture grooves; a nutrient solution groove is formed in the bottom of the support; the nutrient solution groove is communicated with the multiple culture grooves; overflowing pipes and drainage pipes are arranged at the heads of the culture grooves; an electric pushing rod is arranged on one side of each culture groove; the electric pushing rods are connected with pushing plates located inside the culture grooves and used for driving the pushing plates to move inside the culture grooves; sensors are arranged at the end, opposite to the electric pushing rods, of the support; spraying pipes are further arranged on the upper portions of all the layers of the support. Space can be sufficiently utilized, the yield of soilless culture is high, more vegetables are produced, demands of population development are met, meanwhile, movement speed can be set according to the growth period of the vegetables, nutrient solutions and demands of illumination, automatic industrial production is achieved, and the labor intensity of operation personnel is lowered.