The invention discloses an on-site tunnel real-time surrounding rock classification system and a method. The system includes a bearing platform, the bearing platform bears a measuring ruler, a point load tester for conducting point load test on an on-site surrounding rock sample, and a geological compass for determining weak structural plane occurrence, the measuring ruler, the point load tester and the geological compass are detachably disposed on the bearing platform, and the lower part of the bearing platform is provided with moving components for driving the bearing platform to move. The setting of the whole system is convenient for moving a measurement component to the site for real-time measurement, realizes real-time classification work of tunnel surrounding rock, effectively improves the efficiency of tunnel surrounding rock classification work, improves the flexibility of classification work, and can acquire real-time feedback of rock mass classification near a tunnel face, thus being convenient for directly carrying out follow-up work.