The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic control systems and particularly relates to a hydraulic control system for a gear rack climbing type vertical ship lift. The hydraulic control system for the gear rack climbing type vertical ship lift comprises subsystems such as a hydraulic control subsystem for ship lift driving mechanism liquid-gas spring equipment and a hydraulic control subsystem for a ship lift ship compartment transverse guiding device. The hydraulic control subsystem for the ship lift driving mechanism liquid-gas spring equipment comprises three parts, namely a cylinder bypass control valve set, a driving mechanism oil replenishing tank and an energy accumulator. The hydraulic control subsystem for the ship lift ship compartment transverse guiding device comprises components such as a first compensating oil cylinder, a first guiding oil cylinder, a second guiding oil cylinder, a first anti-rupture protective valve, a second anti-rupture protective valve, a transverse guiding device oil replenishing tank, a transverse guiding device energy accumulator, a transverse guiding device safety and stop valve block, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor and a third pressure sensor, wherein the first compensating oil cylinder, the first guiding oil cylinder, the second guiding oil cylinder, the first anti-rupture protective valve, the second anti-rupture protective valve, the transverse guiding device oil replenishing tank, the transverse guiding device energy accumulator, the transverse guiding device safety and stop valve block, the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor and the third pressure sensor are arranged in a ship lift transverse guiding device.