The invention discloses a high-rise building fire extinguishing apparatus based on an unmanned aerial vehicle. The high-rise building fire extinguishing apparatus comprises the fire protection multi-rotor-wing unmanned aerial vehicle and a ground control device. The fire protection multi-rotor-wing unmanned aerial vehicle comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle body, a controller with a data transmission device, a GPS positioning measurement device, a camera, a fire extinguishing bomb launcher, a battery and a fire extinguishing bomb. The GPS positioning measurement device completes positioning and sends position data to the ground control device in real time. The camera shoots fire scene images. The controller controls an unmanned aerial vehicle body to fly or controls the fire extinguishing bomb launcher to launch the fire extinguishing bomb according to the flying or launching wireless instruction sent by the ground control device, and further sends the fire scene images to the ground control device. The battery supplies a power supply for the multi-rotor-wing unmanned aerial vehicle and makes the gravity center of the fire protection multi-rotor-wing unmanned aerial vehicle move downwards to the position nearby the fire extinguishing bomb launching device as a vehicle body balance weight. The ground control device sends the flying and launching wireless instruction to the controller. The high-rise building fire extinguishing apparatus can achieve extinguishment of high-rise building fire disasters.