The invention relates to a method for recognizing an ecologically sensitive region in power grid planning based on a GIS (Geographic Information System). The method comprises the steps of 1) collecting basic data, wherein the basic data comprises remote sensing image data, ecologically sensitive region data, land utilization data, administrative boundaries, river system data, power grid data, road data and house data; 2) inputting power grid planning data in a CAD format into the GIS through data format conversion, and performing processing on the power grid planning data in the CAD format; 3) providing data management and query according to existing line and planning line data or the basic data in the GIS; 4) formulating environmental impact assessment indicator types and indicator values; and 5) performing buffer analysis on the line data and corresponding basic geographic information data map layers through a built-in function of the GIS according to the assessment indicator types and the indicator values in the step 4), and generating a thematic map for an overlay analysis result of each map layer by using a map making module in the GIS. Processing, analysis and modeling are performed on mass geographic space data according to the method, the data processing efficiency is improved, the workload is reduced, and the design period is shortened.