A spacecraft pneumatic structure includes a spacecraft body. The spacecraft body includes a column portion which is positioned on the bottom of the spacecraft body; a top cover portion which is positioned on the top of the spacecraft body; and a cone portion which is positioned between the column portion and the top cover portion. The pneumatic structure includes a cone head, a cone portion and a column portion from top to bottom, adopts a small head and a big tail, and can allow the pressure center to close to the bottom of the spacecraft as much as possible; the demand that the pressure center is positioned behind the mass center can be met, pneumatic resistance can be converted into a control torque facilitating a stable attitude of the spacecraft, and in this way, the spacecraft can continuously stably fly under a significant aerodynamic force in an atmospheric environment.