The invention provides a distribution network fault tolerance on-line fault location method based on a prediction correction technology. The method comprises the steps that the independent region topology connection and the power flow transmission relation of a distribution network are used to establish a distribution network priority structure identification matrix; based on an independent region over-current information vector set and the distribution network priority structure identification matrix, a fault independent region decision matrix is constructed; fault independent region fault identification coefficients are determined, and a failed independent region is identified; the independent region is used as a basic dividing limit to establish a switch function model described by an algebra relation; prediction and correction models of fault region identification of the distribution network are constructed; and a prediction correction algorithm is used to identify a single feeder fault or a complicated multi-fault section of the distribution network. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of high information distortion fault tolerance ability, high versatility, high reliability, global convergence, convenient realization and high fault identification efficiency, and can effectively identify any complex multi-short circuit fault section of the distribution network.