The invention discloses a convenient, light-weight and adjustable large-tonnage cable laying apparatus. A shaft rod is arranged at the upper ends of two side brackets; the shaft rod is provided with a cable drum; a guiding sleeve is arranged at the upper end of each side bracket separately; a lifting rod is arranged in each guiding sleeve in a sleeving manner; the lower end of each lifting rod is connected with a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder; the upper end of each lifting rod is connected with the lower end of a bearing support; the shaft rod is provided with two bearings which are placed in upper end grooves of two bearing supports respectively; a brake wheel disc is mounted at one end of the shaft rod; the bake wheel disc is matched with a brake mechanism; the brake mechanism comprises a brake sheet and a screw crank arm; a positioning hoop is arranged on the shaft rod at the other end of the cable drum; and the shaft rod is provided with an arm shifting rod. The convenient, light-weight and adjustable large-tonnage cable laying apparatus is convenient and light-weight in operate; after the bearings and the fixed loop are mounted, the mechanical friction is almost zero; and the drum rotates freely and uniformly without generating noise, so that the problem of left and right swinging of the drum is solved.