The invention discloses a single-roller automatic ironing machine which comprises a machine body. A conveying belt is arranged in the machine body, a steam generator is arranged in the machine body and located above the conveying belt, steam generated by the steam generator is sprayed onto the surface of a fabric through a spraying port, an ironing and pressing roller is further arranged in the machine body and located above the conveying belt and is of a multi-layer structure, the innermost layer of the ironing and pressing roller is a roller, the periphery of the roller is an electric heating layer, the periphery of the electric heating layer is a heat-conducting rubber layer, a supporting plate is arranged on the inner side of the conveying belt, and the supporting plate and the ironing and pressing roller correspond in position. The single-roller automatic ironing machine irons a fabric with the steam firstly before fabric rolling, and the heat-conducting rubber layer arranged on the surface of the ironing and pressing roller prevents a sharp part from being in direct contact with the fabric, so that the fabric surface scraping damage is decreased during fabric ironing operation, and unnecessary loss is reduced for clients.