The invention discloses a bus congestion state real-time acquisition method and a bus congestion state real-time acquisition device. The device comprises a GPS bus stop positioning terminal, a timer, a video acquisition terminal, and a cloud server. The GPS bus stop positioning terminal is used for judging whether a bus arrives at a stop and sending out information to open a timer when a bus arrives at a stop. The timer is used for, after triggered by the GPS bus stop positioning terminal, doing timing to 15 seconds from 0 and triggering the video acquisition terminal to be opened, and then doing timing to 5 seconds and triggering the video acquisition terminal to be closed. The video acquisition terminal is used for rotating at 36 degrees/s and shooting a video inside a bus, and uploading the acquired video to the cloud server. The cloud server comprises a video framing terminal, a seat vacancy judging device for making seat vacancy judgment, a face image distance computing device, and a congestion computing device. By acquiring and analyzing a video inside a bus, congestion computation is realized, reference can be provided for people going out, urban public transport scheduling is facilitated, and a more reasonable transport plan can be made.